A Situation Analysis on the Livelihood and Biodiversity Conservation Situation in Hakaluki Haor of Bangladesh

Abstract

Haors, recognized for their diverse flora and fauna, are classified as freshwater wetlands. The haor's socio-economic, ecological, and commercial significance makes it a critical element for human livelihood and biodiversity. The primary aim of this study was to examine the livelihood and biodiversity challenges in Hakaluki Haor. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research utilized five distinct data collection tools. The study was carried out in three villages—Khoriatilla, Moimora, and East Judhistirpur—within the Ghilachora union of Fenchuganj upazila in Sylhet district. Demographic data indicated that the economic livelihoods of residents around Hakaluki Haor are heavily reliant on it. These villagers lack access to essential health and education facilities. The findings on livelihood and biodiversity issues were split into two main categories: socio-economic and ecological/biodiversity. Concerning the socio-economic aspect, poverty emerged as the primary issue, impacting education, debt, power inequality, and more. In terms of biodiversity conservation, the majority of residents, both young and old, lack awareness of its importance. Societal issues like poverty and power inequality contribute to a general disregard for biodiversity conservation. The absence of proactive measures by government, NGOs, and the private sector results in systemic stagnation, endangering long-term ecological balance and biodiversity.